Properties of various acids and bases
The data in the following table (except MW) is approximate and should only be used as an estimate. Concentrations change upon exposure to air.
Reagent
|
Formula
|
Molecular Weight (g/mol)
|
Specific gravity
|
Normality of conc. reagent
|
Weight %
|
V (mL)*
|
Acetic acid (glacial)
|
CH3CO2H
|
60.05
|
1.05
|
17.45
|
99.8
|
57.3
|
Ammonium hydroxide
|
NH4OH
|
35.05
|
0.90
|
14.53
|
56.6
| |
Ethylene diamine
|
C2H4(NH2)2
|
60.10
|
0.899
|
15.0
|
100
|
66.7
|
Formic acid
|
HCO2H
|
46.03
|
1.20
|
23.6
|
90.5
|
42.5
|
Hydrazine
|
N2H4
|
32.05
|
1.01
|
30.0
|
95
|
33.3
|
Hydriodic acid
|
HI
|
127.91
|
1.70
|
7.6
|
57
|
132
|
Hydrobromic acid
|
HBr
|
80.92
|
1.49
|
8.84
|
48
|
113
|
Hydrochloric acid
|
HCl
|
36.46
|
1.19
|
12.1
|
37.2
|
82.5
|
Hydrofluoric acid
|
HF
|
20.0
|
1.18
|
28.9
|
49.0
|
34.5
|
Nitric acid
|
HNO3
|
63.01
|
1.42
|
15.9
|
70.4
|
63
|
Perchloric acid
|
HClO4
|
100.47
|
1.67
|
11.7
|
70.5
|
85.5
|
Phosphoric acid
|
H3PO4
|
97.10
|
1.70
|
14.8
|
85.5
|
67.5
|
Pyridine
|
C5H5N
|
79.10
|
0.982
|
12.4
|
100
|
80.6
|
Sulfuric acid
|
H2SO4
|
98.08
|
1.84
|
18.0
|
96
|
55.8
|
Triethanolamine
|
C6H15NO3
|
149.19
|
1.124
|
7.53
|
100
|
132.7
|
* V (mL) = volume in milliliters needed to prepare 1 L of 1 molar solution (1 M)
Approximate pH for different concentrations of various substances
Reagent
|
1 N
|
0.1 N
|
0.01 N
|
0.001 N
|
Acetic acid (glacial)
|
2.4
|
2.9
|
3.4
|
3.9
|
Ammonia
|
11.8
|
11.3
|
10.8
|
10.3
|
Benzoic acid
|
3.1
| |||
Citric acid
|
2.1
|
2.6
| ||
Hydrochloric acid
|
0.10
|
1.07
|
2.02
|
3.01
|
Hydrogen cyanide
|
5.1
| |||
Potassium hydroxide
|
14.0
|
13.0
|
12.0
|
11.0
|
Sodium bicarbonate
|
8.4
| |||
Sodium carbonate
|
11.5
|
11.0
| ||
Sodium hydroxide
|
14.05
|
13.07
|
12.12
|
11.13
|
Sulfuric acid
|
0.3
|
1.2
|
2.1
|
Equivalences % / M / N and preparation
The following table lists equivalences between molarities, normalities and percent solutions along with volume of desired substance needed to make 1 L of molar solutions.
HCl
|
0.01 M
|
0.1 M
|
1 M
|
2 M
|
3 M
|
5 M
|
6 M
|
10 M
|
12.1 M
|
Normality
|
0.01 N
|
0.1 N
|
1 N
|
2 N
|
3 N
|
5 N
|
6 N
|
10 N
|
12.1 N
|
% equivalent
|
0.08%
|
0.8%
|
8%
|
17%
|
25%
|
41%
|
50%
|
83%
|
100%
|
V needed to make 1 L
|
0.83 mL
|
8.3 mL
|
83 mL
|
165 mL
|
248 mL
|
413 mL
|
496 mL
|
826 mL
|
1000 mL
|
H2SO4
|
0.01 M
|
0.1 M
|
1 M
|
2 M
|
3 M
|
5 M
|
6 M
|
9 M
|
10 M
|
12 M
|
15 M
|
18 M
|
Normality
|
0.02 N
|
0.2 N
|
2 N
|
4 N
|
6 N
|
10 N
|
12 N
|
18 N
|
20 N
|
24 N
|
30 N
|
36 N
|
% equivalent
|
0.06%
|
0.56%
|
5.6%
|
11%
|
17%
|
28%
|
33%
|
50%
|
56%
|
67%
|
83%
|
100%
|
V needed to make 1 L
|
0.56 mL
|
5.6 mL
|
56 mL
|
111 mL
|
167 mL
|
278 mL
|
333 mL
|
500 mL
|
556 mL
|
667 mL
|
833 mL
|
1000 mL
|
NaOH
|
0.01 M
|
0.1 M
|
1 M
|
2 M
|
5 M
|
10 M
|
15 M
|
20 M
|
25 M
|
27 M
|
Normality
|
0.01 N
|
0.1 N
|
1 N
|
2 N
|
5 N
|
10 N
|
15 N
|
20 N
|
25 N
|
27 N
|
weight needed to make 1 L
|
0.40 g
|
4.0 g
|
40 g
|
80 g
|
200 g
|
400 g
|
600 g
|
800 g
|
1000 g
|
1080 g
|
KOH
|
0.01 M
|
0.1 M
|
1 M
|
2 M
|
5 M
|
10 M
|
15 M
|
20 M
|
21 M
|
Normality
|
0.01 N
|
0.1 N
|
1 N
|
2 N
|
5 N
|
10 N
|
15 N
|
20 N
|
21 N
|
weight needed to make 1 L
|
0.56 g
|
5.61 g
|
56.1 g
|
112 g
|
280 g
|
561 g
|
841 g
|
1120 g
|
1178 g
|
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