Solvent Drying Agents

Solvents drying guide

TO DRY	USE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING DRYING AGENTS
Alcohols	Anhydrous forms of potassium carbonate; anhydrous magnesium or calcium sulphate; quicklime.
Alkyl halides Aryl halides	Anhydrous calcium chloride; anhydrous forms of sodium sulphate, magnesium sulphate, or calcium sulphate; sodium pentoxide.
Saturated and Aromatic hydrocarbons	Anhydrous calcium chloride or sulphate; metallic sodium; phosphorus pentoxide.
Aldehydes	Anhydrous sodium sulphate; anhydrous magnesium or calcium sulphate.
Ketones	Anhydrous sodium sulphate; anhydrous magnesium or calcium sulphate; anhydrous potassium carbonate.
Organic bases (amines)	Solid potassium or sodium hydroxide; quicklime; barium oxide.
Organic acids	Anhydrous sodium sulphate; anhydrous magnesium or calcium sulphate.

 

Solvents: Properties and Drying agents

Solvent	Boiling Pt. °C	Density	Flash Pt. °C	Drying agent
Acetone	56	0.791	-18	K2CO3; Molecular sieve 0.3nm; CaCl2
Acetic acid	118	1.049	+40	P2O5; CuSO4
Acetic anhydride	136	1.082	+49	CaCl2
Acetonitrile	82	0.782	+6	CaCl2; P2O5; K2CO3; calcium hydride; Molecular sieve 0.3nm
Aniline	184	1.022	+76	KOH; BaO
Anisole	154	0.995	+51	CaCl2; Na; distillation
Benzene	80	0.879	-10	CaCl2; distillation; Na; Pb/Na; ; calcium hydride; Na wire; Molecular sieve 0.4nm
1-Butanol	117	0.810	+29	K2CO3; distillation
2-Butanol	100	0.808	+24	K2CO3; distillation
tert-Butanol	82	0.882	+11	CaO; Freezing
n-Butyl acetate	127	0.882	+33	MgSO4;
Carbon disulphide	46	1.263	-30	CaCl2P2O5;
Carbon tetrachloride	77	1.594	none	distillation; P2O3; Pb/Na; Molecular sieve 0.4nm
Chlorobenzene	132	1.106	+29	CaCl2; distillation;P2O5
Chloroform	62	1.486	none	CaCl2; P2O5; Pb/Na; Molecular sieve 0.4nm
Cyclohexane	81	0.799	none	Na; Na/Pb; LiAlH4; Molecular sieve 0.4nm
Cyclohexanone	155	na	na	Distillation
Decahydronaphthalene (Dekalin)	~190	0.886	<54	CaCl2; Na; Pb/Na
Dichloromethane	40	1.325	none	CaCl2; Pb/Na; calcium hydride; Molecular sieve 0.4nm
Dicyclopentadiene: (cyclopentadiene dimer)	170	na	na	Refractionation: distillate at 40 - 42°C. (Use at once! or keep in dry ice/acetone bath no longer than 1 Hr.)
Diethyl carbonate	126	0.975	+25	Na2SO4; K2CO3
Diethylene glycoldibutyl ether	225	0.885	+118	CaCl2; Na
Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether	155 165	0.906	+70	CaCl2; Na
Diethyl ether	34	0.714	-40	CaCl2; Na; Pb/Na; LiAlH4; Na wire/benzophenone; Molecular sieve 0.4nm
Di-isopropyl ether	68	0.726	-23	CaCl2; Na; Molecular sieve 0.4nm
Dimethyl formamide	153	0.950	+62	distillation; Molecular sieve 0.4nm
Dimethyl sulfoxide	189	1.101	+95	distillation; Molecular sieve 0.4nm
1,4 Dioxane	101	1.034	+11.8	CaCl2; Na; Molecular sieve 0.4nm
Ethanol	79	0.791	+12	CaO; Mg; MgO; Molecular sieve 0.3nm
Ethyl acetate	77	0.901	-4	K2CO3; P2O5; Na2SO4; calcium hydride; Molecular sieve 0.4nm
Ethylenediamine: (1-2 diaminoethane)	118	na	na	Simple distillation.

 

Solvent	Boiling Pt. °C	Density	Flash Pt. °C	Drying agent
Ethylene glycol	197	1.109	+111	distillation; Na2SO4
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether	135	0.930	+41	distillation
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether	125	0.965	+52	distillation
Ethyl formate	54	0.924	-20	MgSO4; Na2SO4;
Formamide	211	1.134	155	Na2SO4; CaO
Glycerol	290	1.260	+176	distillation
Heptane	98	0.684	-4	calcium hydride; Na wire
n-Hexane	69	0.659	-23	Na; Pb/Na; LiAlH4; calcium hydride; Na wire/benzophenone; Molecular sieve 0.4nm
Isobutanol	108	0.803	+28	K2CO3; CaO; Mg;
Isobutyl methyl ketone	117	0.801	+15.5-4	K2CO3;
Methanol	65	0.792	+11	Mg; CaO; Molecular sieve 0.3nm
Methyl acetate	57	0.933	-10	K2CO3; CaO;
1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone	202	1.026	+95	Na2SO4; distillation; Molecular sieve 0.4nm
Methyl Ethyl ketone	80	0.806	-44	K2CO3;
Nitrobenzene	211	1.204	+92	CaCl2; P2O5; distillation;
n-Pentane	36	0.626	-49	Na; Pb/Na;calcium hydride; Na wire
Pet ether	mixture	na	na	calcium hydride; Na wire/benzophenone; Molecular sieve type 4A
1- Propanol	97	0.804	+15	CaO; Mg
2-Propanol	82	0.785	+12	CaO; Mg; Molecular sieve 0.3nm
Pyridine	116	0.982	+20	KOH; BaO; Molecular sieve 0.4nm
Tetrahydrofuran	66	0.887	-17.5	Molecular sieve 0.4nm
Tetrahydronaphthalene (Tetralin)	208	0.973		CaCl2; Na
Thionyl chloride	48	na	na	Redistill.
Toluene	111	0.867	+4	distillation; Ca; CaCl2; Na; Molecular sieve 0.4nm
Trichloroethylene	87	1.462	none	distillation; Na2SO4; K2CO3
Xylene	137/140	-0.86	+25	distillation; Na; CaCl2; Molecular sieve 0.4nm

 

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Solvent Boiling Point Chart

Solvent Boiling Point Chart

(all boiling points at standard pressure)

Solvent	Boiling Point	Solvent	Boiling Point
Acetic Acid	118.0	Ethyl Acetate	77.1
Acetic Acid Anhydride	139.0	Ethyl Ether	34.6
Acetone	56.3	Ethylene Dichloride	83.5
Acetonitrile	81.6	Ethylene Glycol	197.5
Benzene	80.1	Heptane	98.4
iso-Butanol	107.7	n-Hexane	68.7
n-Butanol	117.7	Hydrochloric Acid	84.8
tert-Butanol	82.5	Methanol	64.7
Carbon Tetrachloride	76.5	Methylene Chloride	-96.7
Chlorobenzene	131.7	MTBE	55.2
Chloroform	61.2	Pentane	36.1
Cyclohexane	80.7	Petroleum Ether	35.0-60.0
Cyclopentane	49.3	iso-Propanol	82.3
Dichloromethane	39.8	n-Propanol	97.2
Diethyl Ether	34.6	Pyridine	115.3
Dimethyl Acetamide	166.1	Tetrahydrofuran	66.0
Dimethyl Formamide	153.0	Toluene	110.6
Dimethyl Sulfoxide	189.0	Trifluoroacetic Acid	71.8
Dioxane	101.0	Water	100.0
Ethanol	78.3	Xylene	140.0

Note: Solvent boiling points acquired from materials published online by Honeywell Burdick and Jackson, University of Oxford, University of Louisville, Michigan State University, and IPS INCHEM and are inteded for use with the BrandTech Scientific Vacuum Pump Selection Guide only. Solvent listing does not necessarily imply chemical or physical compatibility with VACUUBRAND vacuum pumps and systems.

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